Byzantine Design

The Byzantine period occurred from 330-1453, beginning simultaneously with the Early Christian era, but also but outliving it by several hundred years, making it the longest political entity in European history. It is associated with Eastern culture and was heavily influenced by the Greek and Orient cultures. Perhaps the most influential leader during this time was Emperor Justinian, who reigned from 527-565. During his reign, he oversaw the construction of several important religious and imperial buildings, helping to shape the signature style of the Byzantine period.

One of these changes in style included the shift of basilicas to a more centralized plan. This also included the development of pendentives, circular domes that were placed over square rooms, as in the Hagia Sophia. Architects during this time were trained in engineering, physics and mathematics, which were essential skills in achieving this revolutionary design in churches. The construction of this was so complex that the Hagia Sophia actually collapsed 2-3 times during its construction.

Designs of this time still included columns, although they did try to steer away from the traditional roman order and create their own signature capital style. They also used geometric marble tiles for the flooring and marble, frescoes, mosaics, and alabaster for the walls. Another important feature of the Byzantine churches was lighting. They tried to incorporate windows in order to let light into the churches as it was seen as a very spiritual aspect of the design.

Current Examples

A bathroom with Byzantine style carvings, wall mosaic, and floor tile

A modern furniture set inspired by Byzantine era thrones, benches, and tables

A pendentive style house, with a square base and dome shaped roof

This video gives a great history of Hagia Sophia, including how it was designed and constructed.